维拉·德雷克

The morality behind this movie is related to the problem of having unwanted babies. In fact, the United States has the highest rates of births to teenage mothers of all industrial nations, and the United Kingdom ranks the 2nd.

As far as I observe, some of the same people who complain about women delaying childbearing while they wallow in unbridled sexual consumerism, are also among the loudest critics of abortion. Some these concern stems from a disguised critique of feminism, which enables women to explore a healthy and safer sexuality. Efforts to stop unwanted motherhood have included, for example, increasing restrictions on access to birth control and even birth control information and restrictions on abortion, including parental consent and waiting periods.

Take, the statistics on rates of teenage motherhood for example. In the mid-1950s, 27 percent of all girls had sexual intercourse by age eighteen; in 1988, 56 percent of girls and 73 percent of boys had sexual intercourse by age eighteen. In 1991, the rate of adolescent childbearing-births to teen mothers per 1,000 girls — was 62.1, the highest rate since 1971, which was the year before abortion was legalized. This accounts for 9 percent of all births in the nation. Sixty-six percent of these young women were unmarried, compared with 1960, when only 15 percent were unmarried.

Such numbers can be "read" in several ways. For some, such numbers illustrate a calamitous increase in teen motherhood, attributable to wanton teenage sexuality and rampant immorality, an erosion of respect for the institution of marriage, and the growing crisis of fatherlessness. But for others, such numbers illustrate the erosion of access to adequate birth control information, the steady attacks on women's right to choose that restrict women's access to abortion and other means of birth control, and the increased freedom of young people from their parents' insistence on "shotgun weddings."

On these questions, the research is unanimous: Restricting access to information about birth control, access to birth control, and access to abortion has no bearing on rates of sexual activity. In fact, virtually all studies of the effect of sex education indicate a decrease in rates of sexual activity, greater sexual selectivity, and higher rates of safer sex practices. Young people will continue to become sexually active in their mid teens, whether or not they have access to birth control or information about it. In fact, restricting access is the surest way to encourage unwanted pregnancy. No wonder the highest rates of teen pregnancy occurred before abortion was legal.

The problem of “having unwanted babies” is also a way to blame women for men's irresponsibility. Politically, we are saying to young women that if they are going to dance (become sexually active), they will have to pay the piper (bear the consequences of unwanted pregnancies). But if, as we also know, it takes two to tango, perhaps the solution to the crisis of young motherhood lies in both increasing the abilities of these young women to become responsible (adequate health care, birth control information, and access to birth control) and in fostering a more responsible young manhood. In fact, casting the crisis as "having unwanted babies" masks another serious problem — girls' sexual victimization by men whose predatory sexual behavior goes unnoticed when the problem is cast in this way.

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, over half (54 percent) the women raped in 2000 (a typical year) were juveniles under eighteen years old, and 21.6 percent were younger than twelve. Another study found that 96 percent of those female rape victims under twelve knew their attackers. In one of five cases, their rapist was also their father. Although there is some evidence that suggests that females under eighteen are also the most likely to file false reports of rape with the police (though virtually none of these allegations ever went to trial, and all the reports were retracted in the interview stage), these false reports seem to be the result of fears of pregnancy and the hope that declaring they were raped would permit the females to get an abortion, because in many states, abortion is legal only in cases of rape or a threat to the mother's health.

With those argument mentioned above, I prefer the translation "地下观音". And it could probably explain why people like Vera Drake was guilty but insisting never do things wrong.

迈克.李难得的塑造了一个和睦，温馨的家庭，没有其他作品中令人坐立不安的家庭争吵，没有充满隔阂与怨恨的家庭关系。维拉，这么一个善良，勤劳，温和的老太太如同天使一般照顾着四口之家，帮助着需要帮助的年轻女孩。不变的是迈克.李依旧将镜头对准了社会底层家庭，一个和睦的底层家庭。维拉的故事很容易让人想到同样讲述堕胎问题的夏布罗尔名作《女人韵事》。而不同的是《女人韵事》中的女主帮人堕胎是要收费的，而且她还容纳妓女在自己家卖淫以获取租金，这与本片中的维拉完全免费，完全出于善意，只是想帮助有困难的女孩的单纯出发点截然不同。因此维拉这个角色更加理想化，更加让人动容，但也缺少了更多的延伸性和解读性。而两部影片中都有一个女人表达了自己对于频繁生孩子的厌恶。

影片前半部分相当温馨，一家四口关系非常和睦，维拉在私下给女孩们堕胎时慈母般的脸庞给人一种极大的安全感。但她反复使用的堕胎工具最终也让她付出了代价。接受她堕胎服务的女孩全都来自社会底层，因为收费低（费用是她朋友背着她收的）。而维拉在一个上流家庭里当清洁女佣时，上流家庭里的年轻女儿因为被强奸而怀孕，但她却花了大价钱找到了医疗设施完善且干净卫生的医生进行了堕胎。这样的对比也无情的揭示出了阶级的差异和生存环境的差别。维拉是善良的，但她无法获得更专业卫生的设备，她在帮助别人的同时也在散播风险，最终也因为一个堕胎女孩的感染而被人发现。影片中最温馨的段落便是维拉女儿与男友订婚的时刻，一家四口加上丈夫的弟弟与弟媳以及女婿，一共七人围坐在餐桌上其乐融融，而至暗时刻也一同到来。维拉在团聚之时被警察带走，一直被蒙在鼓里的家人得知维拉的事情后，儿子非常气愤，他认为母亲是不道德的，但父亲却理解母亲的善。这也是影片呈现出来的道德困境。法律禁止堕胎，怀孕的女孩渴望堕胎，维拉无偿帮助遭遇困难的女孩，这三股力量被绑在一起，很难单独定义。维拉面对警察不知所措，只是不断强调那些女孩需要帮助，仅此而已。最终她被判入狱，成为了罪人，成为了丧失道德的人，可她明明那么善良，那么乐于助人。维拉是那个时代的牺牲品，法律在不断改进，现在与过去不同，结局也会不同。但每个时代又有专属于这个时代的问题，比如某国关于扶不扶的道德困境........