罪与错

老头三十年前的片子，算佳片中最不唠叨恼人台词长度体贴观众的了。虚无主义和反婚姻的主题见怪不怪，每部片子里都要借角色之口讥讽喟叹几句，这里对宗教的质疑和对虚无主义的咏叹是犹太家庭里cynical的知识分子姑妈高声抗辩出来的，而反婚姻则可以从两对外遇中读出潜台词。老头喜欢嘲讽一夫一妻制。罪与错里，家庭事业完美成功的眼科名医出轨，本来只想玩玩不负责任，可情妇陷太深，要求他向妻子坦白好离婚，否则威胁告发他挪用资金。利益当头医生让混黑道的弟弟解决这个麻烦，宁愿良心受拷问也不愿自毁名誉或婚姻。但他的婚姻实际上已经堆满谎言，早就破碎不堪貌合神离了，最后医生面对现实，just let it pass，与妻子相拥而欢的镜头更像在讽刺婚姻里无真实可言，幸福的婚姻只是表面戏码。而另一边，失落的纪录片导演的婚姻也一败涂地。妻子冷漠，他爱上mia fallow演的制片人，对方离开了四个月，成了别人的未婚妻，而自己暂时与妻子停战，可平静的假面下，妻子已经找到意中人，打算离婚。琴瑟和鸣成了一种宗教信仰，在无神论者眼里是虚无的存在，出轨才是现实。而外遇题材的影视剧一大堆，作为出轨电影代言人的老头高明在他一边舌灿莲花道出一系列人生感悟哲思明理，一边为出轨正言，说爱情可贵，人性无常，婚姻有时就会如此令人不寒而栗心灰意冷。





但是为什么说老头端了碗香喷喷热腾腾的鸡汤呢？因为利维教授萌萌哒口音说出的那番话呀: love matters and love lasts（中心大意啦）.

  这是和U在碎碎念的时候的一些感想，当时老是睡不着，啥都不想干，然后把这事发给她了，喝口水，眼一闭，马上就睡着了。
  早上起来，甚觉果然黑夜是个好东西。
  一家之言，随便看看。


 
  我觉得伍迪艾伦应该不是真正的讽刺上帝说，他只是讽刺的是人们所妄加猜测，且塑造的上帝的形象；觉得他所反对的是人们盲目所崇拜的（可被人塑造的）上帝的形象，而这形象是会随着法律的变化而变化的。

  也可以这么说，大多数所谓崇拜上帝的人，其实他们只是遵循由前辈传承下来的规矩（正因如此，片中好几个有关眼科医生的关键点，都是用他小时候的回忆，接受神父的教诲，他的上帝是神父告诉他的上帝）

  
  有句话说人们妄想猜测上帝到底在想什么，这是亵渎神灵，可貌似太多人已经亵渎神灵了，我们凭什么为上帝强加了属于我们自己近乎自作聪明的道德，法律。说白了，所谓的上帝形象，就是政府控制人民的工具。也不得不说的是，效果还非常不错。宗教就是为政治服务的，是有助于和平的。


  等同过来，上帝形象是为法律服务的，而道德体系？道德体系就是历史中的法律（废除或未被废除的）的另一种延续。

  也正因法律的存在（古至今的影响），使人们建立起所谓的道德底线，如若开始怀疑法律的公正性，怀疑制度的平衡性，那自然，道德底线的动摇也会开始出现。

  你说的对和错，几乎都是统治者在你幼儿的时候告诉你，什么能做，什么不能做的，三观也是童年形成的。

  但这三观绝对不是上帝教予你的，是“上帝形象”。

  因此，上帝形象绝对不等同于上帝般，当他们用善有善报恶有恶报的规规矩矩来质疑上帝的时候，他们已经陷入一种逻辑的死循环了，（因为他们把上帝等同于上帝形象了）

  至于上帝是什么，我觉得最大的错误就是人们自以为是的把理想中的上帝塑造成人的形态，更有甚者，说上帝是按照自己的形态创造了人。

  我看来，上帝就是天与地。

  这样想的话，《罪与错》的观点和线索是有密切的联系的，基础是依托于生活的。

  突然想到卢卡努的一句话：
  唯有哲学知道什么是神和天的威力，也唯有哲学才明白神和天的威力是没法知道的。

没仔细排版，见谅。

I remember my father telling me, “The eyes of God are on us always.”
The man who remembers is Judah Rosenthal, a respected ophthal-mologist and community leader. As Woody Allen’s Crimes and Misdemean-orsopens, he is being honored at a banquet. He lives on three acres in Connecticut, drives a Jaguar, built a new wing on the hospital. During the course of the movie he will be responsible for the murder of a woman who loves him.

She dies not because of his passion but for his convenience. In this
darkest and most cynical Allen comedy—yes, comedy—he not only gets away with murder but even finds it possible, after a few months, to view the experience in a positive light. If the eyes of God are on him always, what does that say about God?

Woody Allen has made more than forty movies; the best are Annie
Hall(1976), Hannah and Her Sisters(1987), Crimes and Misdemeanors(1989), and Match Point, which premiered at Cannes 2005. The new film resembles Crimes and Misdemeanors in the way it involves a man who commits murder to cover up an affair, but Match Pointis more firmly a film noir, and Crimes is frankly a complaint against God for turning a blind eye on evil.

Judah, played by Martin Landau as a man of probity and vast self-importance, is, or thinks he is, a moral man. That has not prevented him from having an affair for two years with Dolores (Anjelica Huston), a flight attendant with whom he has walked on the beach and discussed marriage.

But Judah will never divorce his wife, Miriam (Claire Bloom), to marry Dolores. Nor is he capable of confessing his sin to Miriam: “Miriam won’t forgive me,” he tells a rabbi. “She’ll be broken. She idealizes me.” That the conversation with the rabbi is imaginary takes away nothing from its ruth-lessness. What Judah is arguing is that Dolores must die because if Miriam found out about the affair it would—what? Destroy Miriam? Dolores? No, it would destroy his image and stature in the eyes of his wife and his community, and he thinks that is worth killing for.

To be sure, Judah backs into murder. Dolores has been acting dan-gerously. She sent a letter to Miriam that Judah only barely intercepted. She called from a gas station ten minutes down the road, threatening to come to his house and tell Miriam “what she needs to know.” Judah discusses his problem with his brother Jack ( Jerry Orbach), who has connections with the Mafia. “They’ll handle it,” Jack tells him. Handle? “I can’t believe I’m talking about a human being,” Judah says. “She’s not just an insect to be stepped on. . . .”
Yet he steps on her. Dolores knows about certain “financial impro-prieties” that Judah has committed; funds from one place were useful in another. Threatened with exposure on both fronts, Judah makes a call to Jack, and Jack calls back: “It’s taken care of.” Now listen to Judah: “I can’t speak. I’m in shock. God have mercy on us, Jack.” How about a little mercy for Dolores? Judah has mastered the art of ameliorating his crime by being shocked at it. Yes, he had Dolores killed—but if he feels terrible about it, doesn’t that prove he’s not an entirely bad man?

The movie intercuts this tragic story with a comedy, also about adul-tery. The technique is Shakespearean: the crimes of kings are mirrored for comic effect in the foibles of the lower orders. Allen plays Cliff Stern, a maker of documentaries of stultifying boredom; in one, an old man in thick glasses discusses metaphysics. Cliff is married to Wendy ( Joanna Gleason).

She has two brothers: Ben (Sam Waterston), the rabbi, who is going blind and is being treated by Judah, and Lester (Alan Alda), the creator of incred-ibly successful TV sitcoms.

Cliff detests Lester. Consider the scene where we first see the two
men together; Lester is on the left flanked by his sister and another woman, holding court. Cliff is on the right, slightly more in the foreground, and half-turned away from the action and toward us. He seems barely able to prevent himself from turning to the camera and telling us directly what a jerk Lester is. The visual strategy is subtle but wonderful: Allen delivers a monologue using only body language.

Cliff is offered a job directing a documentary about Lester. “You
weren’t my first choice,” the Alda character cheerfully tells him. “I’m doing it as a favor to my sister.” While making the film, Cliff meets a production assistant named Halley (Mia Farrow) and falls for her. They have a little non-affair; Cliff is not made for big affairs, but for modest displays of erotic self-deprecation. He proposes marriage to her, despite the fact that he has barely kissed her and is obviously married to Wendy.

So now we have two married men discussing marriage with other
women. That Judah will not really marry Dolores destroys her (“I was at a low point when I met you!” she cries in raw emotion. “You turned every-thing around!”). That Cliff might actually marry Halley, or thinks he might, is fielded by her with tact: she announces a trip to London, thinks they ought to “have some time apart,” and returns engaged to—yes, Lester. Cliff is morally offended by her choice, despite the inarguable fact that Lester is single and available (and also rich and successful), and Cliff is married, poor, and has been fired from the documentary after a scene comparing Lester to Mussolini.

The Woody Allen scenes provide the kind of stand-up self-analysis
and kvetching that his characters are famous for. But what happens in the Martin Landau scenes are as calmly shocking as anything Allen has ever done. In that imaginary conversation with the rabbi, Judah refers to his brother’s offer to “take care” of Dolores. “God is a luxury I can’t afford,” he says. “Jack lives in the real world. You live in the kingdom of heaven.” After Judah learns that Dolores has been killed, he visits Dolores’s apartment, sees that she is indeed dead, and takes her address book and other papers that might link him with her.

“Four months later,” we’re told in a subtitle, the principal characters
are gathered at a wedding. Cliff wanders off, outraged at seeing Halley with the despised Lester. Why should a worthless parasite like Lester get the girl? Judah wanders in the same direction, and the two men have a curious conversation. It turns on the idea of a perfect murder. Judah describes “a murder plot” to Cliff. It is the murder he has gotten away with.

But how does it feel to be responsible for the death of another per-son? Can you live with yourself? “Suddenly it’s not an empty universe at all,” Judah tells Cliff. God occupies it, and has eyes, and sees. “The man is an inch away from confessing to the police.” Then suddenly one morning, he wakes up, the sun is shining, his life is good, and he has returned to “his protected world of wealth and privilege.” The moral of this story?

“We define ourselves by the choices we make,” Judah says. By choosing to have Dolores murdered, Judah has defined himself as a man of wealth and privilege, respected by society, “idolized” by his wife, and a murderer. He can live with that.

The implications of Crimes and Misdemeanorsare bleak and hope-less. The evil are rewarded, the blameless are punished, and the rabbi goes blind. To be sure, justice is done in the low-road plot: Cliff does not succeed in leaving his wife to marry a girl for whom he would be the worst possible partner, and the rich and triumphant Lester gets the girl and will possibly make her happy, or at least rich. But in the main story Dolores lies in her grave, and Judah finds that life goes on—for him, at least. For Martin Landau, the performance is a masterpiece of smooth, practiced diplomacy,
as he glides through life and leaves his problems behind. Landau is never more effective than when he is shocked and dismayed at his own behavior. It’s as if he’s regarding himself from outside, with a kind of fascination. He sees what he does, and does nothing to stop it. In his own world, he is the eyes of God.

罪与罚（下）——
1
爱与性之类人生核心问题，关于人类存在意义的终极思考

艾伦电影《罪与错》（Crimes and Misdemeanors，1989)中有一句台词，“我的感情生活就是糟糕，记得上一次进入女性身体还是去参观自由女神像的时候。”（My love life is terrible. The last time I was inside a woman was when I visited the Statue of Liberty.）


类似“马里兰州诉帕特里克·马理”案中帕特里克·马理和金娜的非洲裔、拉丁裔在伍迪·艾伦的电影中基本难觅踪迹，除了偶尔出现过的几位爵士音乐家以外。艾伦电影中的主要角色清一色为白人，大都出自WASP（盎格鲁—撒克逊族裔的白人新教徒）和犹太人群体。
从职业来说，中上及更高收入的专业人士和艺术家占据着重要比例，其职业成就和财务状况跟帕特、金娜有些差异。他们不会住在低价公寓，一般都有条件选择纽约中央公园周边，尤其是上东区（Uppper East Side）。出入大都会艺术馆、古根海姆博物馆、俄罗斯茶室、Argosy书店以外，工作之余他们从未玩过电脑游戏，他们主要玩情感游戏，由此引发对人生终极问题的思考。


伍迪·艾伦的电影《罪与错》(Crimes and Misdemeanors, 1989)提供了观照犯罪与惩处的宗教及伦理视角。
杰出的眼科医生朱达一次旅行中认识了空嫂德洛丽丝，在不影响原有家庭的情况下两人比翼齐飞长达2年才出现问题。问题并不奇特，德洛丽丝要求对方放弃旧家庭、建立新家庭，但朱达无法满足愿望。很快，德洛丽丝进入逼宫状态，手段包括直接给原配写信（那个时候还没有微信）、一次次深夜到对方家门口要求约会等。朱达一再劝慰仍无济于事，德洛丽丝对通过财务手段解决纠纷的提议也毫无兴趣。她进而威胁朱达，要将他从事慈善事业时出现的挪用公款事宜公诸于众。朱达得出结论，“她已经无法跟随理性（She doesn’t listen to reason）。”

怎么办？艾伦给身处美国中上阶层的白领朱达安排了一个状况明显不同的兄弟杰克，杰克建议一次性彻底解决问题。与其说杰克象朱达的兄弟，还不如说象他的隐身，与高尚、体面相对的另一半。
朱达非常犹豫，他和德洛丽丝有过在夕阳中的沙滩上跑步之类的美好经历，也有过关于舒伯特和舒曼音乐格调如何不同的讨论，只是当她的想法超越现实可能性以后，可爱的程度才逐渐下降，一路跌落至水平线以下，变成可恨。
其实直到了断前的最后关头，德洛丽丝给朱达准备的生日礼物都还是舒伯特的黑胶唱片。相比之下，朱达妻子送了个跑步机。关心健康固然重要，只是其中包含着无休止的重复与单调。从朱达 的案例看，妻子与情人的区别仍然显现出人世间的一种常态：两者无法互相取代。

朱达问杰克，同时也是在问自己，“她不是只虫子，我们不能够就这么一脚踩上去。”但怜悯无法战胜恐惧，经由杰克安排，德洛丽丝只能彻底停止各种方式的骚扰。
她遭到谋杀的一组镜头没有台词，舒伯特的《弦乐四重奏作品第15号》作为背景铺在音轨上。事后朱达去案发现场即德洛丽丝的公寓收拾自己过去两年留在那里的物件，电影给了遗体一个特写，不是朱达希望她闭上的嘴巴，而是眼睛。眼睛是《罪与错》电影中最重要的象征物。朱达专攻眼科，他与德洛丽丝感情炙热的时候曾有过关于眼睛的对话。
德洛丽丝：“妈妈说过，我应该找个医生，因为我眼睛不太好，而你是个眼科医生！”
朱达：“啊哈。”
德洛丽丝：“眼睛是灵魂的窗口，你同意不同意这个说法？”
朱达：“嗯，我认为眼睛真是窗口，但不敢说我看到了灵魂。”
德洛丽丝：“妈妈告诉过我，我有灵魂。即使我不在人世了，灵魂还会在。如果你能看进眼睛深处，灵魂就在那里。”
德洛丽丝躺在公寓的地板上，朱达看着她的眼睛。她已经无需为人世间的烦恼所困，但双眼并未合上，朱达应该看不到其中灵魂的存在。他告诉弟弟杰克，“我看到她躺在那儿，一动也不动，盯着天花板。你仔细看进去，只有漆黑一团(black void)。”


罪与罚（下）——
1
爱与性之类人生核心问题，关于人类存在意义的终极思考
2
医生与牧师价值观反差之大直逼凤姐和江姐，
一系列质疑——由此造成无奈、无力、无所适从

伍迪·艾伦电影中道德完美的人物基本处于缺席状态，本牧师或许是最接近的一位，他对理解、忏悔、宽容的论述流畅自如，伍迪·艾伦最后却安排他失明。
艾伦这样解释，“有人会认为本比其他人对世界有更深刻的理解，但我的看法不同。我认为他对世界的理解其实更少，所以才让他失明。我觉得他的信仰是盲目的，如果要管用，其实需要你合上双眼，看不到现实。”(Woody Allen on Woody Allen, 2005年出版)


2017-03-13 05:20阅读：111

We're all faced throughout our lives with agonizing decisions, moral choices. Some are on a grand scale, most of these choices are on lesser points. But we define ourselves by the choices we have made. We are, in fact, the sum total of our choices. Events unfold so unpredictably, so unfairly, Human happiness does not seem to be included in the design of creation. It is only we, with our capacity to love that give meaning to the indifferent universe. And yet, most human beings seem to have the ability to keep trying and even try to find joy from simple things, like their family, their work, and from the hope that future generations might understand more.

When we fall in love, we are seeking to re-find all or some of the people to whom you were attached as children. On the other hand, we ask our beloved to correct all the wrongs that these early parents or siblings inflicted on us. So, love contains in it the contradiction, the attempts to return to the past and the attempt to undo the past.

I've gone out the window.

But we must always remember that when we are born we need a great deal of love in order to persuade us to say in life. Once we get that love it usually lasts us. But the universe is a pretty cold place. It is we who invest it with our feelings. And under certain conditions, we feel the thing isn’t worth it any more.

(粘自维基)